The sensors feed the computer with which numerous other sensor inputs control cylinder firing and fuel to air mixes. A loss of signal or an incorrect one from a cam/crank sensor causes immediate engine shutdown - hopefully before damage is done. There are two types of engines I know of. 1- Interference type: If timing belt breaks, valves may hit pistons and do considerable damage. 2- Non-interference type: Belt breakage will likely do no harm. Replacing the belt on the recommended schedule is a must do situation unless you like to walk.
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